Gyongyos

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First mentioned in 1261, Gyöngyös literally means ‘made of pearls’ in reference to the abundance of mistletoe in the surrounding woods. Throughout history, Gyöngyös has been known for its wine. When the city was under Turkish rule between 1546 and 1687, it was the private property of the Sultan, and protected to further promote its wine trade. The early 20th century was particularly trying for the city - in 1917, a fire devastated the city, leaving thousands homeless. Fortunately some of its most impressive monuments, such as the massive, 14th century St. Bartholomew’s Cathedral, and its 16th century bronze font survived. Its treasury museum is the second richest in the country. During World War II, the large Jewish population all but disappeared, leaving the huge, Art Deco synagogue behind. Visitors can also pay a visit to the Matra Museum, where everything from local history to a mammoth skeleton is exhibited.