Settled since around the 9th century BC, the city waxed and waned under the rule of the ancient empires, peaking under the Dukes of Lombard. A renowned center for medieval medical studies, the 10th century Chiesa di San Gregorio honors that tradition with the Museum of the Salerno Medical School. After a textile boom in the 19th century, much of the population was scared off during WW2 in operation Avalanche, only to surge back stronger than ever. Today, it’s historic center is littered with medieval churches, like the 11th century Cathedral, which houses a richly decorated interior and plethora of holy relics. Visitors can also enjoy the beautifully terraced Minerva’s Garden, or lush community park. Salerno’s waterfront promenade is one of the longest in the country, and also one of the most beautiful. High above the city, Arechi Castle offers unparalleled views, and a museum exhibiting archaeological finds from the area.